Understanding Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that affects the skin. The immune system, which is meant to protect you from bacteria and viruses, inappropriately attacks your own body. In the case of psoriasis, it attacks the skin, causing inflammation and rashes. Roughly 15 to 30 percent of psoriasis patients will also get inflammation in the joints, known as psoriatic arthritis. This condition is defined as inflammation in both the skin and the joints and tendons.

Key Signs and Symptoms

1. Joint Pain

Inflammatory arthritis, like psoriatic arthritis, causes joint pain. This pain is typically worse with rest, especially first thing in the morning, and improves with activity. Any joint can be affected, including peripheral joints (hands, wrists, knees, ankles) and the spine.

2. Swollen Joints

Swollen joints are a classic sign. This swelling can be visible or detected by a physician during an examination or through imaging. Sometimes, reduced range of motion in a joint may indicate swelling.

3. Tendon and Ligament Inflammation

Tendons and ligaments can also become inflamed where they attach to the bone. Common areas include the heel, elbow, hips, knees, and bottom of the feet.

4. Stiffness

Morning stiffness lasting more than 60 minutes is common. Psoriatic arthritis can also affect the spine, causing pain that is worse in the morning and improves with activity. This is different from wear and tear arthritis, where pain worsens with activity.

5. Sacroiliac Joint Pain

The sacroiliac joints, which connect the pelvis to the hips, can lead to pain and buttock pain.

6. Psoriasis

A defining feature of psoriatic arthritis is the presence of psoriasis. This usually presents as a scaly red rash on the elbows, kneecaps, scalp, and groin.

7. Nail Changes

Nail changes, such as pitting or discoloration, are common. This occurs because the ligaments in the fingers and toes can get inflamed, affecting the nail bed.

8. Eye Inflammation

Some patients may experience eye inflammation, presenting as painful red eyes and light sensitivity (photophobia).

Conclusion

If you have any of these symptoms, it is crucial to see a rheumatologist to determine if you have psoriatic arthritis and to receive appropriate treatment.