Dry eyes, dry mouth, and unrelenting fatigue? These may be more than signs of dehydration—they could be symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome, a chronic autoimmune condition. In this post, Dr. Siddharth Tambar of Chicago Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine explains what you need to know about this often misunderstood condition, including its symptoms, causes, and non-surgical treatment options.
What Is Sjögren’s Syndrome?
Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s moisture-producing glands. Most commonly, this affects the eyes and mouth, but it can also impact multiple organ systems, including joints, lungs, nerves, and kidneys.
There are two types of Sjögren’s:
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Primary Sjögren’s occurs on its own.
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Secondary Sjögren’s occurs alongside other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
This condition affects 1 to 4 million people in the U.S. and is nine times more common in women, typically starting between ages 40 and 60.
Common Symptoms
Sjögren’s can vary widely, but hallmark symptoms include:
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Dry eyes: Feeling of sand or grit, blurry vision
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Dry mouth: Trouble swallowing dry food, constant thirst
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Fatigue: Deep, chronic exhaustion
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Joint pain: Achy, stiff joints, especially hands and knees
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Swollen glands, brain fog, skin or vaginal dryness, and chronic cough
More serious cases may involve:
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Neuropathy: Tingling, numbness, burning in hands or feet
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Lung issues: Chronic cough or shortness of breath (interstitial lung disease)
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Kidney involvement: Fatigue, muscle cramps, frequent urination
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Skin conditions: Rashes or purpura from inflamed blood vessels (vasculitis)
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Digestive problems, lymph node swelling, and increased lymphoma risk
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of Sjögren’s remains unclear. Contributing factors may include:
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Genetics
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Hormonal influences (more common in women)
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Infections or environmental triggers
These may confuse the immune system into attacking healthy tissues.
How Sjögren’s Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis can be complex and often delayed. Key tools include:
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Symptoms review: Dryness, fatigue, joint pain
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Blood tests: SSA, SSB antibodies, ANA, and rheumatoid factor
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Eye tests: Schirmer’s test for tear production
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Lip biopsy: Checking for gland inflammation
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Imaging or salivary flow tests for gland function
A rheumatologist is typically the best specialist to confirm and manage Sjögren’s.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
Dr. Tambar emphasizes a layered treatment approach:
Step 1: Symptom Relief
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Artificial tears (preservative-free)
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Hydration: Sip water frequently
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Sugar-free gum/lozenges: Stimulate saliva
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Humidifier use: Especially at night
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Omega-3 supplements: Reduce inflammation
Step 2: Control Inflammation
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Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil): Mild, low-risk immune modulator
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Immunosuppressants (like methotrexate) for more severe inflammation
Metabolic & Lifestyle Health
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Mediterranean-style diet: Anti-inflammatory
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Regular exercise: Eases fatigue and stiffness
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Sleep & stress management
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Address insulin resistance, which may worsen autoimmune activity
FAQs & Misconceptions
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Is it just dry eyes and mouth? No, it’s a full-body condition.
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Will it get worse over time? It varies. Early diagnosis helps.
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Is it curable? Not yet, but highly manageable.
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Can I live a normal life? Absolutely—with the right care plan.
Final Thoughts
Sjögren’s syndrome can be challenging, but with the right diagnosis and non-surgical treatment plan, many patients lead full, healthy lives. If you’re experiencing unexplained dryness, fatigue, or joint pain, consult a specialist. Early recognition is key to managing symptoms and preventing complications.
For more expert insights, schedule a consultation with Dr. Tambar.
Comprehensive Treatment for Sjögren’s Syndrome: Managing Symptoms and Improving Quality of Life
Lupus Nephritis Explained! How Lupus Affects Your Kidneys & What You Can Do About It
What to Expect at Your First Rheumatology Appointment: A Patient’s Guide