Types of Knee Injections: Finding the Right Solution for Pain Relief

by | Jan 8, 2025

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Knee pain is a widespread issue caused by factors such as osteoarthritis, sports injuries, or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis. When conservative treatments like physical therapy or over-the-counter medications fall short, knee injections can provide much-needed relief. Here, we explore five common types of knee injections, their benefits, and when they are most effective.

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections, also known as cortisone shots, have long been used to manage knee pain by reducing inflammation quickly.

When to Use: Ideal for flare-ups or swelling due to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout.

Pros:

  • Fast relief, often within days.
  • Effective for short-term inflammation control.

Cons:

  • Temporary effects (weeks to a few months).
  • Repeated use can weaken cartilage and tissues.

Hyaluronic Acid Injections

Hyaluronic acid injections, also known as gel injections, mimic the natural lubricating fluid in the knee.

When to Use: Best suited for mild to moderate osteoarthritis where lubrication is reduced but the joint isn’t severely damaged.

Pros:

  • Improves lubrication and protects cartilage.
  • Reduces inflammation and stiffness.
  • Results can last up to six months.

Cons:

  • May not work well for advanced arthritis.
  • Takes weeks to show improvement.

Prolotherapy

Prolotherapy is a regenerative treatment involving dextrose injections to stimulate tissue repair and strengthen surrounding structures.

When to Use: Ideal for mild instability, ligament injuries, or pain from weakened tissues.

Pros:

  • Cost-effective compared to PRP or stem cells.
  • Strengthens tissues over time.
  • Results last longer than cortisone or hyaluronic acid.

Cons:

  • Multiple sessions may be needed.
  • Not covered by most insurance plans.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections

PRP uses concentrated platelets from your blood to promote healing, reduce inflammation, and stabilize tissues.

When to Use: Effective for early to moderate arthritis, tendonitis, or addressing instability.

Pros:

  • Long-lasting effects (2+ years).
  • Stronger and more targeted than prolotherapy.

Cons:

  • Takes weeks to notice improvements.
  • Post-treatment inflammation lasts 2-5 days.

Bone Marrow Concentrate (Stem Cell) Injections

Bone marrow concentrate stem cell therapy uses your own cells to improve tissue function and joint stability.

When to Use: Recommended for moderate to advanced arthritis or when other treatments fail.

Pros:

  • Long-lasting results (up to 5 years).
  • Stronger than PRP and targets deeper issues.

Cons:

  • More intensive and expensive.
  • Results take time, with 2-5 days of inflammation post-treatment.

The Importance of Image Guidance

Precision is crucial for effective knee injections. Using ultrasound or X-ray guidance ensures that the treatment targets the exact joint, ligament, or tendon area, optimizing outcomes and reducing risks. This is particularly essential for PRP and stem cell therapies.

Conclusion

Knee injections offer a range of solutions for managing pain and improving function. Each treatment has its own benefits and limitations, making a personalized plan essential. Consult with a specialist to determine the most suitable option for your needs. At Chicago Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine, we focus on minimally invasive solutions to help patients regain mobility and quality of life.

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