Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is often thought of as a disease that primarily affects the joints. However, its impact extends far beyond joint health, affecting other vital systems, including the cardiovascular system. Studies show that individuals with RA are 1.5 to 2 times more likely to develop heart disease compared to those without the condition. This increased risk is comparable to that of diabetes, underscoring the severity of the issue. But why does RA increase cardiovascular risks, and what can be done to address it?
The Connection Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Health
The primary link between RA and heart disease is chronic inflammation, a defining characteristic of RA. While inflammation typically affects the joints, it can also damage blood vessels. Over time, this leads to the buildup of plaque within the arteries—a condition known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis causes the arteries to harden and narrow, making it more difficult for blood to flow, which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Another contributing factor is cytokines, proteins that regulate immune responses. In people with RA, cytokines are overactive, causing widespread inflammation that harms not only the joints but also the blood vessels and heart. This systemic inflammation significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, making it essential for RA patients to pay attention to heart health.
Heart Risks Specific to Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
RA patients face unique cardiovascular challenges. For example, they are twice as likely to develop heart failure compared to those without RA. One common type of heart failure in RA patients is diastolic dysfunction, where the heart pumps blood effectively but struggles to relax and fill properly. This condition is closely associated with systemic inflammation.
In addition, people with RA are at an increased risk of vascular diseases, including strokes and blood clots. They are two to three times more likely to develop venous thromboembolism, a dangerous type of blood clot that can obstruct blood flow to critical organs. RA also disrupts cholesterol levels during flare-ups, reducing both good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol. However, the drop in HDL is more pronounced, leading to a less healthy cholesterol balance and increased cardiovascular risk.
How to Protect Your Heart If You Have Rheumatoid Arthritis
Managing cardiovascular health is as important as managing joint inflammation in RA. Fortunately, there are effective steps you can take to reduce your heart disease risk:
- Control RA inflammation: Staying consistent with RA treatment is critical. Managing inflammation not only protects your joints but also reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications.
- Exercise regularly: Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or biking can improve both heart and joint health without putting excessive strain on your body.
- Quit smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for both RA and heart disease. Quitting smoking is one of the most impactful steps you can take to improve overall health.
- Monitor heart health: Regular checkups for blood pressure, cholesterol, and other cardiovascular markers are essential. Discuss any unusual symptoms, such as chest pain, with your doctor.
Taking a Proactive Approach
Rheumatoid arthritis is much more than a joint disease—it is a systemic condition with far-reaching effects on your cardiovascular health. Chronic inflammation, combined with other RA-related risk factors, increases the likelihood of developing heart disease. However, with the right approach, these risks can be effectively managed.
If you or someone you know has RA, prioritizing heart health is just as crucial as managing joint symptoms. By staying on top of RA treatment, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and working closely with your healthcare team, you can protect both your heart and your joints.
At Chicago Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine, we’re here to help you manage your RA and overall health. Contact us for more information or to schedule an appointment. Together, we can help you live well.
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